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Bridging reliability and operations management for superior system availability: Challenges and opportunities

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 391-405 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0206-4

摘要： Recently, firms have begun to handle the design, manufacturing, and maintenance of capital goods through a consolidated mechanism called the integrated product-service system. This new paradigm enables firms to deliver high-reliability products while lowering the ownership cost. Hence, holistic optimization models must be proposed for jointly allocating reliability, maintenance, and spare parts inventory across the entire value chain. In the existing literature, these decisions are often made fragmentally, thus resulting in local optimality. This study reviews the extant works pertaining to reliability-redundancy allocation, preventative maintenance, and spare parts logistics models. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of consolidating these decisions under an integrated reliability-maintenance-inventory framework for attaining superior system availability. Specific interest is focused on the new product introduction phase in which firms face a variety of uncertainties, including installed base, usage, reliability, and trade policy. The goal is to call for tackling the integrated reliability-maintenance-inventory allocation model under a nonstationary operating condition. Finally, we place the integrated allocation model in the semiconductor equipment industry and show how the firm deploys reliability initiatives and after-sale support logistics to ensure the fleet uptime for its global customers.

关键词： system availability product-service integration installed base new product introduction service supply chain reliability-maintenance-inventory optimization

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Analyzing the service availability of mobile cloud computing systems by fluid-flow approximation

Hong-wu LV,Jun-yu LIN,Hui-qiang WANG,Guang-sheng FENG,Mo ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第7期页码 553-567 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400410

摘要： Mobile cloud computing (MCC) has become a promising technique to deal with computation- or data-intensive tasks. It overcomes the limited processing power, poor storage capacity, and short battery life of mobile devices. Providing continuous and on-demand services, MCC argues that the service must be available for users at anytime and anywhere. However, at present, the service availability of MCC is usually measured by some certain metrics of a real-world system, and the results do not have broad representation since different systems have different load levels, different deployments, and many other random factors. Meanwhile, for large-scale and complex types of services in MCC systems, simulation-based methods (such as Monte-Carlo simulation) may be costly and the traditional state-based methods always suffer from the problem of state-space explosion. In this paper, to overcome these shortcomings, fluid-flow approximation, a breakthrough to avoid state-space explosion, is adopted to analyze the service availability of MCC. Four critical metrics, including response time of service, minimum sensing time of devices, minimum number of nodes chosen, and action throughput, are defined to estimate the availability by solving a group of ordinary differential equations even before the MCC system is fully deployed. Experimental results show that our method costs less time in analyzing the service availability of MCC than the Markov- or simulation-based methods.

关键词： Service availability Mobile cloud computing Fluid-flow approximation Ordinary differential equations

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Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 479-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0425-7

摘要： In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the maintenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of –2.16% to 5.23% and –2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and maintenance optimization methods for nuclear power units.

关键词： nuclear power units in service reliability reliability prediction equivalent availability factors

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Availability growth models and verification of power equipment

Jinyuan SHI, Jiamin XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 529-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0624-0

摘要： The general availability growth models for large scale complicated repairable system such as electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are presented. The calculation formulas for the maintenance coefficient, mathematical expressions for general availability growth models, ways for estimating, and fitting on checking the parameters of the model are introduced. Availability growth models for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are given together with verification examples for availability growth models of 320–1000 MW nuclear power units and 1000 MW thermal power units, 200–1000 MW power station auxiliaries, and 220–500 kV transmission and distribution installations. The verification results for operation availability data show that the maintenance coefficients for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, transmission and distribution installations conform to the power function, and general availability growth models conform to rules of availability growth tendency of power equipment.

关键词： repairable system power equipment electric generating unit power station auxiliary transmission and distribution installation reliability availability availability growth model

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Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation

Quan Yuan, Hui Gong, Hao Xi, Kaijun Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1226-0

摘要： Penetration depth and substrate characters affect AGS formation and performance. The relationship between substrate gradient and particle size affects AGS stability. The fermentation process is proposed as a pretreatment to improve AGS stability. The influences of flow patterns (mixed-flow and plug-flow) and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation with various substrate availability levels were investigated by running four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (R1–R4), comparing two anaerobic feeding strategies and three kinds of substrates. R1 achieved faster granulation with a fast influent fill step followed by a modified anaerobic mixed-flow phase, but the AGS showed poorer stability with a cracked structure and a high suspended solids concentration in the effluent. The anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode (with influent fed slowly from the bottom) in R2 provided deeper penetration depth for the substance to reach the core of AGS and accordingly strengthen AGS stability. An acidogenic up-flow sludge bed reactor was introduced as a pretreatment to improve the AGS performance by enhancing glucose pre-fermentation (R4). AGS fed with mixed volatile fatty acids (VFA) after glucose fermentation showed similar performance compared with the reactor fed with acetate in the aspects of stability, structure, size distribution and nitrogen removal efficiency, and 74% similarity in the microbial community. For actual wastewater with low VFA concentrations, fermentation treatment was suggested as a promising pretreatment for stable AGS granulation and operation.

关键词： Anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode Anaerobic mixed-flow mode Fermentation pretreatment Substrate gradient Penetration depth

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服务供应链的信息共享机制及绩效研究

杨善林,程飞,杨昌辉

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 80-86

摘要：

文章研究的服务供应链包含一个服务供应商和一个服务集成商信息共享机制问题。服务供应商提供原始服务产品或活动给服务集成商，而服务集成商依次以附加值集成服务出售给客户。在不确定性市场环境下，客户服务需求量带有价格敏感和随机性的特征。在服务供应商和服务集成商之间，探析服务供应链的不同信息传输方式下信息共享机制问题，评估服务供应链的绩效，其结果强调服务业开展信息共享的必要性。

关键词： service supply chain service vendor service integrator information sharing coordination

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地理信息系统的发展与发展中的地理信息系统

王家耀

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 10-16

摘要：探讨了随着计算机通信网络技术的发展而引起的GIS体系结构和软件开发模式的变化，认为开放式GIS思想和组件式GIS更适合网络（网格）环境下数据服务和功能的服务分布式特点；提出GIS将向以网络服务（ Web service）和网格服务（ Grid service）为主要形式的开放式GIS方向发展，论述了基于网络服务的地理信息共享与数据互操作的基本架构及其特点，指出Grid service为实现信息资源共享和协同解决问题提供了新的机遇和技术途径，强调Web service和Grid service的核心都是服务，两者既相互联系又有区别。

关键词： GIS 体系结构开发模式 Web service Grid service

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具有容错结构的高可用计算机双系统研究

金士尧,胡华平,李宏亮

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 46-50

摘要：

为了确保高的可用性，在重大工程实践中往往采用具有容错结构的计算机双系统。双系统处理得到两个结果的异同性，历来是研究双系统容错的技术重点和难点。文章在双系统可用性分析、结果判错与选择、以及双工切换技术方面都有突破性的进展，并在重点工程中得以实现，取得显著效果。

关键词：可用性双工系统故障判别率切入成功率

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Service-oriented manufacturing: A literature review and future research directions

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 71-88 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0171-3

摘要： This study presents a systematic review of the literature on service-oriented manufacturing (SOM). Specifically, we focus on the impact of SOM on firm operating decisions, which distinguishes this work from previous reviews. This study proposes a classification framework for SOM research based on product flow, from its design to its final disposal. Although SOM has been studied for many years, most related research remains conceptual. Our criterion for choosing papers is that they must be relevant to practical problems. This review aims to provide readers a guide that will facilitate their search for papers in their field of interest. More importantly, we hope that this review can provide insightful managerial implications for SOM.

关键词： service-oriented manufacturing product– service systems servitization servicing operations mana- gement

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Towards a self-adaptive service-oriented methodology based on extended SOMA

Alireza PARVIZI-MOSAED,Shahrouz MOAVEN,Jafar HABIBI,Ghazaleh BEIGI,Mahdieh NASER-SHARIAT

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 43-69 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400040

摘要： We propose a self-adaptive process (SAP) that maintains the software architecture quality using the MAPE-K standard model. The proposed process can be plugged into various software development processes and service-oriented methodologies due to its explicitly defined inputs and outputs. To this aim, the proposed SAP is integrated with the service-oriented modeling and application (SOMA) methodology in a two-layered structure to create a novel methodology, named self-adaptive service-oriented architecture methodology (SASOAM), which provides a semi-automatic self-aware method by the composition of architectural tactics. Moreover, the maintenance activity of SOMA is improved using architectural and adaptive patterns, which results in controlling the software architecture quality. The improvement in the maintainability of SOMA is demonstrated by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based evaluation method. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to a case study to represent the feasibility and practicality of SASOAM.

关键词： Quality attribute Adaptation pattern Architectural tactic Service-oriented architecture Self-adaptive process Architectural pattern

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A reliability growth model for 300?MW pumped-storage power units

Jinyuan SHI , Yu YANG , Zhicheng DENG ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 337-340 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0032-y

摘要： A reliability growth model for pumped-storage power units is presented. Ways for estimating and fitting on checking the model’s parameters are given together with analysis results concerning the reliability growth of 300MW pumped-storage power units. On site operation, reliability data show that the reliability growth model conforms to rules of reliability growth tendency. Analysis results of reliability growth indicate that measures taken for improving maintenance and operation by the pumped-storage power companies are effective and that the reliability of the 300MW pumped-storage power units exhibits a rising tendency.

关键词： pump-storage power unit availability reliability growth reliability prediction

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Service life prediction of fly ash concrete using an artificial neural network

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 793-805 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0717-9

摘要： Carbonation is one of the most aggressive phenomena affecting reinforced concrete structures and causing their degradation over time. Once reinforcement is altered by carbonation, the structure will no longer fulfill service requirements. For this purpose, the present work estimates the lifetime of fly ash concrete by developing a carbonation depth prediction model that uses an artificial neural network technique. A collection of 300 data points was made from experimental results available in the published literature. Backpropagation training of a three-layer perceptron was selected for the calculation of weights and biases of the network to reach the desired performance. Six parameters affecting carbonation were used as input neurons: binder content, fly ash substitution rate, water/binder ratio, CO₂ concentration, relative humidity, and concrete age. Moreover, experimental validation carried out for the developed model shows that the artificial neural network has strong potential as a feasible tool to accurately predict the carbonation depth of fly ash concrete. Finally, a mathematical formula is proposed that can be used to successfully estimate the service life of fly ash concrete.

关键词： concrete fly ash carbonation neural networks experimental validation service life

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Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要： Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： Health Data Bank blockchain data assets smart contract incentive mechanism

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面向工业互联网平台的双维度制造服务协作优化 Article

庞世宝, 郭顺生, Xi Vincent Wang, 王磊, Lihui Wang

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 34-48 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.020

摘要：

工业互联网平台是智能制造的关键推动者，能够允许各类物理制造资源虚拟封装后以制造服务的形式进行协作。制造服务协作优化是工业互联网平台的核心功能，其目的在于针对制造任务构建高质量的服务协作方案。在对服务协作方案进行优化时，必须同时满足制造任务的制造功能需求以及制造数量需求。然而，现有的制造服务协作优化研究主要关注面向功能需求的横向服务协作，针对面向数量需求的纵向服务协作鲜有涉及。因此，本文提出了一种同时考虑制造任务功能需求和数量需求的双维度服务协作方法。首先，提出了一种多粒度的制造服务建模方法，并在此基础上建立了双维度制造服务协作优化（DMSCO）模型。在纵向维度上，多个功能相似的制造服务组成一个服务集群以共同完成一个子任务；在横向维度上，多个功能互补的服务集群协作完成整个任务。其中，制造服务的选择和所选服务之间的制造数量分配是模型中的关键问题。针对该问题，本文设计了一种具有多种局部搜索算子的多目标模因算法，并在算法中构建竞争机制以动态调整每个局部搜索算子的选择概率。实验结果表明，与常用算法相比，本文所提算法在收敛性、质量性指标和综合指标等方面均具有优势。

关键词：制造服务协作服务优化选择服务粒度工业互联网平台

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Understanding network travel time reliability with on-demand ride service data

Xiqun (Michael) CHEN, Xiaowei CHEN, Hongyu ZHENG, Chuqiao CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 388-398 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017046

摘要： Travel time reliability is of increasing importance for travelers, shippers, and transportation managers because traffic congestion has become worse in major urban areas in recent years. To better evaluate the urban network-wide travel time reliability, five indices based on the emerging on-demand ride service data are proposed: network free flow time rate (NFFTR), network travel time rate (NTTR), network planning time rate (NPTR), network buffer time rate (NBTR), and network buffer time rate index (NBTRI). These indices take into account the probability distribution of the travel time rate (i.e., travel time spent for the unit distance, in min/km) of each origin-destination (OD) pair in the road network. We use real-world data extracted from DiDi-Chuxing, which is the largest on-demand ride service platform in China. For demonstrative purposes, the network-wide travel time reliability of Beijing is analyzed in detail from two dimensions of time and space. The results show that the road network is more unreliable in AM/PM peaks than other time periods, and the most reliable time period is the early morning. Additionally, we can find that the central region is more unreliable than other regions of the city based on the spatial analysis results. The proposed network travel time reliability indices provide insights for the comprehensive evaluation of the road network traffic dynamics and day-to-day travel time variations.

关键词： network travel time reliability on-demand ride services travel time rate OD